click on picture to view video |
In September 2000, I was given a tour of Baltimore and asked for my recommendations for designing a viable community concept. The work below is my answer. This was submitted to a major foundation for planning funding however they backed the plan to build a bio-technology park with John Hopkins University of instead [link: bio technology park]. The residents were given a chunk of cash to go someplace else and a portion of the ghetto was raised - problem solved and proving once again that it how how a situation looks which is often considered important by those in power rather than what it actually is. The project will generate thousands of jobs, provide needed research facilities and provide mixed use housing - all good things yet if it results in a sustainable economy-ecology it will be a miracle. |
Interest in this paper did bring me two projects: Sojourner Douglass and the UniCredit navCenter in Turin, Italy. These are another story. The Challenge that the Concept Paper presented remain unmet. This, in my view, is beyond tragic. |
|
the Emergence of
a Replacement Economy |
The
task is to break the cycle, install new rules of engagement, rebuild
community and make an economy. These are the steps to be taken.
They are not a metaphor. They are real. There is no shortcut. |
What
exists today, despite all efforts, is the shattered debris of a society.
The model to follow is not the so-called communities of the affluent
ghettos - their economy/ecology is not sustainable either - merely nicer. |
Both
kinds of ghettos have already collapsed - with one, we just have not
noticed it yet. Who is buying the drugs? |
The
task is to build what has never been built before: a human society based
on a new set of social and economic principles. Many of these principles
have been around a long time and practiced well. Some are newer and
have just achieved intellectual credibility and demonstration. A few
have to be invented which means tested and engineered. ALL have
to be woven into a new fabric. This makes what has to be done unprecedented.
This means every premise has to be challenged. A socially acceptable
good idea is likely to lead back to the same old result. |
An
economy has to be built. Not rebuilt. Not improved. BUILT. |
This
economy has to built from the inside out - it cannot happen from the
outside in. It has to be a replacement economy. It has to build itself.
The outside can only provide a critical catalyst and an opening market
move. |
The
economy will happen only because of the genius of the people
who live in the community and the people who will move there. This genius
has to be freed and facilitated. It can be educated (to lead out)
but it cannot be directed. By definition, it will spring from its
own well - or, not at all. |
This
is about trusting people. |
A PROCESS can be put in place to facilitate this happening. This process will
have to be sustained for a long time. If there is not willingness to
do this, it will be kinder to leave things the way they are. |
Elements
of an economy - a market - can be put in place, as Capital investment,
but these will fade unless a true self-generating economy/ecology emerges
from the community itself. The good news is there has never been a better
time for this to happen. There are more than enough resources available
- if they can be integrated instead of remaining self canceling in their
efforts. |
There
are a number of elements that have to be part of this new approach: |
This
project will come about only by an exercise of social entrepreneurship.
The focus of the project is on building a new viable economy in the neighborhood. A regular economy. However, the neighborhood as it
exists today is not able to get sufficient capital from the regular
economy to build a sustaining base. |
In
January, 2001, Matt and Gail Taylor did four workshops for the World
Economic Forum at Davos.
One of the workshops focused on social entrepreneuring. Future Views
by iterations collected information
and links relevant to this subject. They provide both possible resources
and examples of the kind of work that is necessary to make what is described
below work. |
Architecture
is too often thought as a visual art and plaything of the rich. It is
far more than this. Architecture is the experience of the built-environment. |
The
experiential impact of this communities environment is almost
overwhelmingly depressing. This is a place where most would leave if
they could. And, many have, thus, contributing to the environmental
decline - a possitive feedback loop. |
We do not want to improve this. We do not want to fix it.
We will not settle for nice decent, affordable housing for
the poor - architecture that has charity and dullness written all over
it. Great architecture is the heritage of every human and nothing less than this is acceptable. |
We
will help the community produce great architecture - a good as exists
anywhere. And more sustainable than exists almost everywhere. Architecture
that reflects the art of the people not some developers standard
blueprint. |
The
ability to create environment, like the ability to grow food and educate
the young, is a necessary ingredient of any healthy economy and community. |
Great
architecture does not necessarily mean expensive. |
We
start with the school building restoration. It will be the place of
rebirth, a symbol of it and the studio for the community to learn how
to build and use architecture. Its renewal will create jobs. The
first choice of employment will be those living in the community. Skill
training will be a part of the building budget. Go a little slower,
keep money in the community, build pride and ownership. |
The
project will require a blend of restoration and new construction. The
existing buildings do not have the density, variety nor technical infrastructure
necessary to support a viable 21st Century community. |
Goal: in two years there is a recognizable renaissance of the built-environment
in this community being done by members of the community itself,
many of whom now see it as their professional work. Their design/build
services are being demanded elsewhere in the Baltimore area. |
When
people are driving down here to see what is going on, then you will
know we are started. When Alexanders pattern
language is evident, everywhere, you will know we are well on on
our way. When a new architectural character emerges, unique to this
community - and expressive of it - and not some other places template,
then you will know a self-sustaining place has been created. |
This
is, of course, a new
model of development. |
The
economy we create here has to be a natural, replacement economy (Jane
Jacobs). One that is ecologically sustainable and one that can be
fit in the emerging global economy. This is an economy refelctive of Natural
Capitalism as described by Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and L. Hunter
Lovins. It avoids upsidedown
economics. |
This
means it has to be built, from the ground up, by employing members of
the community in real, useful, creative work. |
This
will take capital investment in three areas: the community infrastructure
(which is almost totally non existent), education of community members
(in 21st century work not menial jobs), and, the creation of new, small
scale, owner-operated enterprises. |
Like
any viable economy, failure has to be allowed and it has to be sustainable.
Lots of little mistakes - not a few big ones. |
The
capital base has to be capable of - and used for - the creation of a
positive return economic cycling. A fair return for the investment can
come out of the community but ownership of the created capital
base must remain in the community. |
The
beginning capital will be used to rebuild the community infrastructure
and to educate residents but in a way that simultaneously creates long
term career options within the community. This means that the task of
creating this new community has to be seen as a market opportunity for
its members - first at home and then, as a service
to export. |
The
people living here, and who will be attracted to live and work here,
have to become experts at the process of community making and at running
the various enterprises that make a viable community. |
Goal: in 6 months the word is out. Move to this community because there are
opportunities here. Stay here because there is a future here.
Build here because you can build capital here. |
It
will do little good to rebuild the economy of this part
of the city by establishing it on the old energy, food, material use
cycles that are not sustainable. This will only be leaping from the
frying pan in to the fire. No sooner will something be starting to happen
and the infrastructure will collapse again requiring another intense
round of startup capital. |
I
propose that the opposite is done. I propose that an aggressive program
of sustainable ecological practices be installed which will launch this community into
a new
economy including the ability to export new goods and
services to the rest of the city, and ultimately, the world. |
Good
ecology is good economics. Sustainable practices will save money, build
community, create useful work and launch new enterprises. |
Good
urban spaces are, themselves, complex ecologys and rarely understood
as such. There is a great deal to learn and document in this realm. |
Goal:
in three years this community is recognized as the leading edge of sustainable
urban ecology and the driving force in a broader Baltimore environmental
transformation. |
It
begins and ends with education but not school-focused education. |
Watch
ducks. Ducks teach baby ducks how to be successful ducks. They do this
by a very systematic process. The whole duck community is involved.
The price of failure is death. Humans are not so good at this. We teach
things - not living skills. And, we teach different things to different
people. |
The
difference between poor people and affluent people is that the affluent
know where the levers of the society are and how to work them. They
make sure that their baby ducks get training and access
to these levers (which are jealously guarded). There are those out of
the game who do not even know there is a game. |
We
are going to break though this totally unfair and viscous circumstance. |
The
navCenter will be a portal to education. Education opportunities
will be sponsored and linked to enterprise opportunities as investments.
Learning, productive work and learning how to live successfully will
be closely linked. |
Scholarships
will be available through the Community Credit Union as an investment. |
To
the extent possible, educational opportunities will be imported so that
they can be accessed in the community. A portion of the school will
be dedicated to this. |
Goal:
Lifelong learning for practical profit and for personal self improvement
become the ideal of this community. In four years, 75% of community
members are actively learning and/or teaching in community based programs. |
This
approach does not see a difference between business development, community
development and personal spiritual development. Each are a facet of
what make a whole human experience. |
What
is striking when you drive into this neighborhood is the obvious lack
of commerce. How much of this communitys income comes from outside
the community and is spent outside of it? Where is the business base? |
The
prime measure of this communitys economy is its own number
of locally owned and operated businesses. Businesses that provide a
wide spectrum of the communitys needs. Businesses that house enough
capital, know-how and capable people to reinvent themselves as the market
shifs. Businesses that sell outside the community and import cash and
opportunity into the community. |
This
community, today, is a colony. Someone is getting rich but it is not
those who live in it. |
This
project has to set as its highest goal to attract local business.
To make real jobs. To incubate new business startups. To help people
find and make 21st Century jobs. In the new economy, you lead or you
are out. We cannot settle here for old economy, minimum wage service
jobs from imported franchises. We have to see the creation of valuable
services and goods. This does not mean that they are all high tech.
It means a mix. |
If
a significant number of people cannot earn a living where they live
there will be no community. No community, no future for the children.
No future for the children and the old self-defeating cycle repeats
itself. |
Goal: A hundred new startup businesses that make it in two years. Of the total
community revenue base, over 25% is earned and half of it spent in the community within three years. 25% is earned outside the community
by the export of skilled work and community manufactured
goods. |
A
community is a place. It has an image. It is different than being
elsewhere. It attracts. It means something to live there. It has pride.
It largely polices itself. It knows how to raise a future generation.
The streets are active and one is never afraid to walk them alone. There
are front porches, and celebrations and open doors. People know one
another and look out for one another. You can get most of what you need
without going somewhere else. |
Communities
become a container for human activities. They act as a natural support
system and infrastructure for individuals and families. Communities
are made up of a million little ties. They have to have a certain critical
mass to exist. Communities are made one relationship at a time. They
are built on a series of positive common experiences. |
Goal: A clear sense of commons exists when the community celebrates
Spring 2002 with gardens, dances and trade fair - the first of an annual
affair that attracts people from several states. |
This
is not just about the building of economy and the improvement of the
physical environment. It is not just about education to be competitive
in the global economy. It is about the spirit of each individual in
the community. |
It
will not do to promote mindless materialism as the salvation of all
human problems. In concert with the body of the community improving,
the soul has to find new health and expression. |
This
means a diverse and tolerant life of the mind and spirit. It means art,
music, political life, libraries and meetings, active churches, science
and garden clubs. It means theater and town halls. It means sister cities
and high speed Internet access in every home that wants it. It means
community sports and parks and places to meet. It means open markets
and street celebrations. It means nature is present in the city
not blocks and blocks of hard surfaces that cannot shelter and interact. |
It
means involvement for the elderly, mentors for the young. It means involvement
in life beyond survival. It is seen in active, exciting social spaces
that never sleep interlaced with private habitats that are secure, reflective
places of personal quietude. |
Goal: This is easy. You can see it in the faces. |
By
master planning, I do not mean a PLAN. I mean a planning process supported by a method and system AND the capital base to launch
the enterprises that comes out of that process. |
This
process will be housed in the school navCenter and supported by professional
and community staff. |
Goal: In one year a community vision has emerged that is the context in which all development options are considered. This vision is derived
from and sustained by intense community involvement. It is constantly
updated as real work is done. It is a living artifact, feedback driven,
vision driven. |
The
condition of this community is the result of exploitation - it will
not be improved by exploitation of another kind. Unfortunately, most
well meaning attempts to help people end up keeping them where they
are. Many community investments, in reality, spend a lot of money on
folks from outside of a community to come in and deliver goods and services
- no economy is built this way. When improvement is made, values go
up and those living in an area are forced out. How can we prevent this? |
By
changing both the structure and the rules. |
In
terms of structure, a development trust has to be set up that buys up
a significant part of the real estate and other assets, invests in people
improving them while making new businesses and then sells it to those
people at a fair price at a fair return. This way the them that
has, gets, cycle is broken and development does not lead to exploitative
ends. This process, by the way, takes more money but it also reduces
risks because it is an asset based approach from the beginning. |
In
terms of rules, certain agreements have to be in place. First, if you
make money here and that money is coming from the project, you have
to live and spend it here. This means investing in the Community Credit
Union. In the beginning, the market has to be protected and wealth has
to be concentrated. Else, it just quickly dissipates along the well
worn channels already in place. The idea is to attract talent and investment
back into this community and involve all the residents in making change.
It will take two or three years of this kind of intense investment to
make a significant shift in the economic critical mass. |
Businesses
that sell into this community have to be told that they will deliver
the same quality of goods and services for the same price point that
they do in the more upscale regions of the city or face systematic exposure
and competition from the project. They also have to provide equity for
the Credit Union. Be a member of the community or get out of it. |
The
NavCenter will post, publicly, the ownership of all property in the
community and an P&L of the investment, expenses and return coming
from that property. This will turn the spotlight on. Price comparisons
of all goods and services will also be posted. Buying cooperatives will
be organized. The buying power that exists here has to be leveraged
to the benefit of those spending the money. |
All
of this is done by free enterprise means. It just requires a big enough
player in the market that will establish the new rules and will compete
with anyone who does not. This venture should make money for its
investors. Decent profit rightfully earned for the service of being
a catalyst. The wealth, however, must stay in the community and
go to those who produce it - those who live there and actually transform
the place. The task is not done until the community has the means, within
its own control, to replace its economy when and as required
by future economic change. |
Goal: From
the beginning, the new rules are in place and understood. This is a social and financial
investment with the expectation of profit and return. These measures
will be set up front and the project will be managed to them as is any
business enterprise. Politics will be kept out of it. Multiple funding
sources will be sought and different arrangements negotiated for each
source. To the community, however, the interface will be transparent,
the rules fair and simple and the same for everyone. |
Transformation
is not accomplished in the abstract it is done one project at a time
within a systematic framework - a strategy of change. There are a number
of seed projects that are necessary for staring the community process.
Each plays a vital role and each must be sustained through the period
of capital formation. |
This
is a full scale world-class Center capable of serving the project and
the community and also capable, from the beginning, of pulling business
in from the entire metropolitan region. |
It
will be housed in the school. |
The
navCenter will house and facilitate the Community Master Planning Process;
provide personal life planning work shops (TOOLS); provide multimedia,
computer technology and networks (a PORTAL to the world), maintain the
community knowledge-base and Capasity Guide (matching opportunity to
people to learning options to capital). |
It
will serve as town hall and be the neutral place where controversies
can be resolved by design not compromise. It will provide training in
knowledge work by employing community members in the work. |
Good
food is the life blood of a community. Growing food is also a means
to creating community. Of our entire modern enterprise, the lack of
quality and high cost of our food is perhaps the most tragic circumstance
we face. |
This
is doubly hard on poorer populations. We now have a generation of children
many of whom do not even know what healthy food is. |
Community
gardens and greenhouses can be a business. They can provide inexpensive,
fresh food in the form of fruits, vegetables and fish. These greenhouses
can be tied to sustainable waste management and energy generation technologies.
They can provide entry level jobs that can evolve to professional level
careers. |
They
can bring nature back into the city. |
This
is a business. It offers classes, design services, do-it-yourself support
and a network of local craftspeople. It can arrange grants and loans
through the Community Credit Union. |
It
has expertise on architectural alternatives, energy efficient and ecologically
sustainable building practices. Its own environment is an example
of sustainable development like the Real Goods home office
and Store. |
Everything
necessary to build, furnish and maintain a habit can be found here at VERY competitive prices. This place is so good that people come
her to shop from all over the region. |
Startup
capital flows through this enterprise to start the infrastructure rebuilding
process in the community and to create entry level jobs that can grow
to professional level opportunities. |
The
real path to the American dream is owning your own enterprise. New technologies
offer the promise of smaller and smaller scaled businesses. The HyperCar,
for example, can be profitably manufactured at small scale in local
enterprises of 20,000 square feet. The project will actively seek these
kinds of business opportunities. |
Building
new skills is useless if the only option is to go work in a modern sweat
shop or corporate oligopoly. |
If
we are to facilitate a new economy we have to facilitate the entire
opportunity including the enterprise creation process. Incubators pay.
They do not, however, have to be just high tech. A community incubation
process must focus on all the businesses that make up a viable local
community. These business have to be strong enough to compete against
franchises that do little to foster local diversity and capital formation. |
Credit
Union and Investment House |
All
the capital invested in the project will be invested here. This will
be run as a for-profit enterprise based on a generational return (the
2020 project). Community residents can buy in by contributing services
to designated community projects. Outside businesses earning profits
from this community will be encouraged to invest based on a pro-rata
formula. |
ALL
projects will require a plan and an investment review processes passed
by an outside board. The criteria will be based on a balance of solid
economics, ecological sustain-ability, community good and individual
worth. |
Financial
planning, investment, insurance, banking and other financial products
will be made available to community members. |
Loans
to community members (who have developed their plan in the NavCenter)
for home improvements, education, business start ups and so on will
be made through the Credit Union. |
It
will be a contract requirement that those who work for the project or
its funded projects and those who get investment from the Credit
Union will invest back into the Union. The objective is to build capital
in the community and to make the success of every individual and venture
in the interest of all community members. |
All
financial dealings of the Credit Union will be published and transparent.
All meetings will be run by sunshine rules. |
The
Credit Union will be professionally run as a concession under the supervision
of the project. |
Without
vision the people perish. Art brings vision. Art of all kinds.
When there is art there is civilization. This means art of all kinds:
performing, visual, craft, musical. To be real, it has to be a mixture
of professional and community
art. There has to be a school.
It has to be supported by the community. |
The Thurgood
Marshall Arts Center will be a world-class, region-wide, attraction
from the beginning drawing attendance to its productions. This
will put the community on the map and highlight what is
being done here. Care will be taken that these productions and events
remain community
centered and attended by all who choose to come. |
New
productions will be a serious part of the Centers funding commitment
as well productions featuring local community members. Artist workshops
and residency programs will be funded. Events and festivals promoted. The objective to to build an arts center. An attraction
for the neighborhood. |
This
is a necessary element to both community development and business development.
What is required is a professional level, professionally run complex
of shops: wood, plastic, electronics, metal, machine and so on. This
is the nucleus for business start ups, hands on learning, R&D, invention.
This is basic industrial capacity - without it no true economy
can evolve. |
As
all the other seed facilities, this will be run as a business. Users
will pay in cash, or in-kind services. Investment and scholarships will
be available through the Community Credit Union. |
These
shops will take on outside work from the beginning and therefore be
a source of employment and revenue to the community. |
These
projects are the seed projects. They get things started. They remake
social and technical infrastructure so that the real projects, generated
by the people, can get started. These seed projects provide a cycle
of capital to start an economic flow. They are to stimulate and support
natural capitalism. A beginning. |
Six
years. The secret of the affluent is their children know
that it will take them six years to become anything: a lawyer, doctor,
architect, technology entrepreneur. There is a path to follow. It is
not easy nor is success guaranteed - but it is not a mystery either
and the way is facilitated for those who will try. |
We
have to be able to sustain this project for a minimum of three six year
cycles - half a generation. |
The
infrastructure that facilitates this has to be in place in the
community and progressively run by the community. This is what we have
to build and keep in place long enough for it be become integrated and
self-sustaining. |
How
to be successful has to be taught. Learning, work and the opportunity
to own capital have to be closely coupled. Careers have to be build
on dream-stuff (what I want to be) not on mind numbing, paralyzing
compromises (this is what I can get - what I am allowed to be). |
We
have to foster a revolution and provide healthy, creative expressions
for the energy which is released. We have to offer opportunity and new rules to prevent early exploitation of another kind. |
We
have to foster a revolution and provide healthy, creative expressions
for the energy which is released. We have to offer opportunity and new rules to prevent early exploitation of another kind. |
A
word about money. There is plenty to do this. It will, of course, take several
sources. This project is far more affordable than letting what exists
there to continue the way it is. How much is being spent there now -
year after year - to disappear in a slowly declining circumstance? |
It
is time to get serious about this or end the pretense. It is no mystery
how to build an economy. The question is if this process will be made
available to everyone. |
I
see busy streets with people relaxed in their presence on them. I see
trees and flowers and healthy food being grown in community gardens
and greenhouses. I hear music and laughter and children playing. I can
shop in many stores run by their owners who are proud of the goods they
make and sell. Everywhere, is a sense of hope and growth and the expression
of a unique place - a place of opportunity and soul. |
This
is a complete community. Its businesses span all the services
necessary to sustain it. There are crafts, light manufacturing, professional
services, design and engineering studios, high tech startups - there
is capital here. People come here to eat and buy and visit. There
are no absentee landlords and investors. The drugs are gone - no longer
the best option for the young. The poverty is gone - replaced by a natural
economy that sustains. The despair is gone - replaced by a realistic
optimism based on experience, not promise. |
This
is an ethnically mixed community based on choice - not default. This
is an income diverse community because people want to stay here - rich,
middle income and poor alike all learning from one another. It
is a shinning light to the world because everyone needs to discover
better ways. No one is very far ahead when it comes to the future. It
is here the field is level. |
|
click on drawing to go to Domicile Design Development page |
Employing iteration and recursion in all aspects of work is a key discipline of the Taylor Method. This technique is practiced in the making of any one work and applied to our body of work as a whole. |
Thus, the concept of community development presented on this page is an integral aspect of the Domicile Community program on it’s level of recursion. In turn, a development project like the Baltimore Concept can utilize solutions like Domicile for reasons which should be obvious after reading the Domicile materials. |
Even though of different scales, as projects, they inform one another and fit within one another. They are fractals of the same idea set. And, like any complex system, they both are emergent systems which means their major design challenge is the design of the processes by which they are created and sustained. |
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GoTo: A Future by Design - Not Defaults |
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GoTo: A Future by Design - Worthy Problems |
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GoTo: Affordable Housing - A Method |
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GoTo: American Myth - the flaw |
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GoTo: Curriculum For the 21st Century |
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GoTo: Domicile One - CoHousing Alternative |
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GoTo: Katrina - An Unnatural Disaster |
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GoTo: REAL Estate Development |
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Matt
Taylor
September 28, 2000
In Flight: Baltimore to San Francisco |
SolutionBox
voice of this document:
INSIGHT POLICY PROGRAM
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click on graphic for explanation of SolutionBox |
posted
September 28, 2000
revised
April 17, 2010
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(note:
this document is about 85% finished)
Copyright©
Matt Taylor 2000, 2001, 2010
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